Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 6 Articles
Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAV) are widely used gene-therapy vectors for both clinical\napplications and laboratory investigations. The titering of different AAV preparations is important\nfor quality control purposes, as well as in comparative studies. However, currently available methods\nare limited in their ability to detect various serotypes with sensitivity and convenience. Here, we took\nadvantage of a newly discovered AAV receptor protein with high affinity to multiple AAV serotypes,\nand developed an ELISA-like method named â??VIRELISAâ? (virus receptor-linked immunosorbent\nassay) by adopting fusion with a streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP). It was demonstrated that\noptimized VIRELISA assays exhibited satisfactory performance for the titering of AAV2â?¦..â?¦â?¦â?¦...
Chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR-) T cell therapy is one of the most recent innovative immunotherapies and is rapidly evolving.\nLike other technologies, CAR-T cell therapy has undergone a long development process, and persistent explorations of the\nactions of the intracellular signaling domain and make several improvements have led to the superior efficacy when anti-CD19\nCAR-T cell treatments in B cell cancers. At present, CAR-T cell therapy is developing rapidly, and many clinical trials have been\nestablished on a global scale, which has great commercial potential. This review mainly describes the toxicity of CAR-T cell\ntherapy and the challenges of CAR-T cells in the treatment of solid tumors, and looks forward to future development and\nopportunities for immunotherapy and reviews major breakthroughs in CAR-T cell therapy....
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease that is closely associated with EBV infection. Toll-like receptor 9 is an\nimportant factor mediating the interaction between EBV and the host immune response. Any genetic (single nucleotide\npolymorphisms, SNPs) or expression variation in TLR9 gene may modify the ability of the receptor to respond correctly\nto viral infection as in NPC. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of TLR9 functional polymorphisms (TLR9-1486\nT/C and TLR9-1237 T/C) and TLR9 mRNA expression in NPC severity and progression at diagnosis and after treatment.\nThis study included 322 patients with NPC. RFLP-PCR and real-time PCR were used to assess, respectively, the genotypes\nand the mRNA expression of TLR9 gene. ..............................
ACTN4, a gene which codes for the protein alpha-actinin-4, is critical for the maintenance of the renal filtration barrier. It is well\nknown that ACTN4 mutations can lead to kidney dysfunction, such as familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a\ncommon cause of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). ..................................
Stem cell therapy is an emerging treatment modality for various diseases.\nBecause mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to accumulate at the site of damage, their possible\nclinical application has been investigated. MSCs are usually administered using intravenous\ninjection, but this route carries a risk of pulmonary embolism. In contrast, topical injection of\nMSCs reportedly has an inferior therapeutic effect. We developed a remote administration method\nthat uses collagen gel as a scaffold and investigated the effect of this scaffold on the retention of\nstemness, homing ability, and therapeutic effect using a mouse tooth extraction model. After verifying\nthe retention of stemness of MSCs isolated from the bone marrow of donor mice in the scaffold,\nwe administered MSCs subcutaneously into the back of the recipient mice with scaffold and observed\nthe accumulation and the acceleration of healing of the extraction socket of the maxillary first molar.\nThe MSCs cultured with scaffold retained stemness, the MSCs injected into back skin with scaffold\nsuccessfully accumulated around the extraction socket, and socket healing was significantly enhanced.\nIn conclusion, administration of MSCs with collagen scaffold at a remote site enhanced the lesion\nhealing without the drawbacks of currently used administration methods....
Following the failure of acute neuroprotection therapies, major efforts are currently\nmade worldwide to promote neurological recovery and brain plasticity in the subacute and\npost-acute phases of stroke. Currently, there is hope that stroke recovery might be promoted\nby cell-based therapies. The field of stem cell therapy for cerebral ischemia has made significant\nprogress in the last five years. A variety of stem cells have been tested in animal models and\nhumans including adipose stem cells, human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells,\nhuman amnion epithelial cells, human placenta amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem\ncells, adult human pluripotent-like olfactory stem cells, human bone marrow endothelial progenitor\ncells, electrically-stimulated human neuronal progenitor cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells\n(iPSCs) of human origin. Combination therapies in animal models include a mix of two or more\ntherapeutic factors consisting of bone marrowstromal cells, exercise and thyroid hormones, endothelial\nprogenitor cells overexpressing the chemokine CXCL12. Mechanisms underlying the beneficial\neffects of transplanted cells include the â??bystanderâ? effects, paracrine mechanisms, or extracellular\nvesicles-mediated restorative effects. Mitochondria transfer also appears to be a powerful strategy\nfor regenerative processes. Studies in humans are currently limited to a small number of studies\nusing autologous stem cells mainly aimed to assess tolerability and side-effects of human stem cells\nin the clinic....
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